Car run on human waste

"The Bio-Bug"

The Bio-Bug has been converted by a team of British engineers to be powered by biogas, which is produced from human waste at sewage works across the country.

They believe the car is a viable alternative to electric vehicles.

Excrement flushed down the lavatories of just 70 homes is enough to power the car for 10,000 miles - the equivalent of one average motoring year.

This conversion technology has been used in the past but the Bio-Bug is Britain's first car to run on methane gas without its performance being reduced.

It can power a conventional two litre VW Beetle convertible to 114mph.

"If you were to drive the car you wouldn't know it was powered by biogas as it performs just like any conventional car. It is probably the most sustainable car around."

The car is started using unleaded petrol but automatically switches to methane when the engine is "up to temperature".

If the methane tank runs out the Bio-Bug reverts back to petrol.

Around 18 million cubic metres of biogas is produced from human waste every year at Wessex Water's sewage treatment works in Avonmouth, Bristol.

The gas is generated through anaerobic digestion - where bugs which are starved of oxygen break down biodegradable material to produce methane.

However, before the gas can be used to power vehicles it must undergo "biogas upgrading" where carbon dioxide is removed to improve performance.

The Bio-Bug does 5.3 miles per cubic metre of biogas, which means that just one sewage works could power 95,400,000 miles per year saving 19,000 tonnes of CO2.

 "This is a very exciting and forward-thinking project demonstrating the myriad benefits of anaerobic digestion.

"Biomethane cars could be just as important as electric cars, and the water regulator Ofwat should promote the generation of as much biogas as possible through sewage works in the fight against climate change."

The Bio-Bug emits three tonnes of carbon dioxide in an average year whilst a conventional vehicle emits 3.5 tonnes.

However, the Bio-Bug is carbon neutral because all of its CO2 would have been released into the atmosphere anyway in the form of methane gas.

Conventional vehicles use fossil fuels, a non-renewable, finite source of energy, and the CO2 they emit would not otherwise have been released into the atmosphere.

Wind and solar powered Electric Car

                    
2D Rough diagram of the prototype

The conventional electric car finds the difficulty of charging it after few kilometers but the

wind and solar powered car helps to eliminate this drawback as this car has the facility

to be charged on board due to wind and solar energy. Taking into account air

resistance, the design of the car is such that maximum aspects are taken into

consideration. The sun and the wind energy are utilized to charge battery and generate

the energy to run the car smoothly. Super capacitor helps for ripple free torque during

motion.

The wind and solar powered car has high efficiency and is a maintenance free car. The

car works on the concept of charging and discharging of the battery on board. When the

car runs, the motor consumes power from battery and after certain kilometers it needs

to be recharged. In this car power is generated from wind turbines and the solar plates

and are directed to the battery for the charging. The battery is recharged on board and

the car doesn’t need to be standby for charging.

Wind turbine powered electric car.

Wind turbine powered electric car.

When it comes to crazy-cool engineering, nobody can top ze Germans. If it’s even vaguely plausible, you can bet that some German crackpot inventor has done it. Well, now two Germans – Stefan Simmerer and Dirk Gion – have broken three Guinness World Records in a ... wait for it ... wind turbine powered electric car.

That’s right, an EV that’s powered by a wind turbine, those big robotic looking windmills you may have seen in farms atop hilltops in Scotland or Pennsylvania. Here’s how it works:

At night, Simmerer and Gion park the Wind Explorer – that’s what it’s called – and erect a nifty looking collapsible wind turbine. While they sleep, the lightweight turbine generates enough energy to recharger the Wind Explorer’s batteries. If they’re running low on energy during the day, they can whip out a kite that helps powered the vehicle forward.

Simmerer, Gion and the Wind Explorer have recently completed a 4,800 kilometer (2,983 mile), 18 day trek across Australia where they either broke or established three Guinness World Records: the first to cross the Great Southern Land in a wind powered car, the longest distance travelled in a 36 hour period and the most distance travelled overall in a wind powered car.

You can check out some sweet videos of the Wind Explorer’s journey below.

http://youtu.be/HIkl50iAl9g?hd=1

http://youtu.be/Ftwc7mswMDM

http://youtu.be/s6bU43RCIVw

Effect of Isopropyl alcohol on direct injection diesel engine

A small intro:

Alcohol is a bio-based renewable and oxygenated fuel, thereby providing potential to increase performance, reduce the PM emission in diesel engines and to provide reduction in life cycle CO₂.The objective of this investigation is to first create a stable alcohol-diesel blended fuel, and then to generate transient performance, and emissions data for evaluation of different alcohol content on a diesel engine. Isopropyl alcohol a new oxygenate is investigated in this study. A single-cylinder, air-cooled, direct injection diesel engine developing a power output of 5.2 kW at 1500 rev/min was used.  Base data was generated with standard diesel fuel. Subsequently four fuel blends, namely 90D: 10IPA^a, 85D: 15IPA, 75D: 25IPA and 70D: 30IPA percentage by volume were prepared and tested. Engine performance and emission data were used to optimize the blends for reducing emission and improving performance. Results show improved performance with blends compared to neat fuel for all conditions of the engine. However, 75D: 25IPA blends recorded a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 36.86%. Drastic reduction in NOx was observed with slight increase in HC emissions for the blends as compared to neat diesel.

What guys just confused ok , I explain it in a simple way :)

• Its just mixing of Isopropyl alcohol (which is nothing but rubbing alcohol like CD cleaner liquid) with ordinary diesel fuel of different proportions like 10%,20%,25%,30%..
• Then its performance and emission are  tested  in ordinary diesel engines...

Hereby I gave my work completely guys :

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

 Diesel with Isopropyl alcohol blends are used in single cylinder diesel engine. The diesel engine is operated on different blend ratios 90D: 10IPA, 85D: 15IPA, 75D: 25IPA and 70D: 30IPA respectively.

Experiments were conducted on a, single-cylinder, water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine developing a power output of 5.2 kW at 1500 rev/min connected with a water cooled eddy current dynamometer. The engine was operated at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and standard injection pressure of 220 Kgf/cm2. The specification of the engine is given in Table1. The fuel flow rate was measured on volume basis using a burette and a stop watch. K-type thermocouple and a digital display were employed to note the exhaust gas temperature.

NOx emission is measured with help of an exhaust gas analyzer. AVL smoke meter is used to measure the smoke density. AVL five-gas analyzer is used to measure the rest of the pollutants. A burette is used to measure the fuel consumption for a specified time interval. During this interval of time, how much fuel the engine consumes is measured, with the help of the stopwatch. 

Type	Vertical, Water Cooled, Four Stroke
Number of Cylinder	One
Bore	87.5 mm
Stroke	110 mm
Compression Ratio	17.5:1
Maximum Power	5.2 kW
Speed	1500 Rev/min
Dynamometer	Eddy Current
Injection Timing	23o Before TDC
Injection Pressure	220 kgf/cm2 , Direct Injection

 Specifications of the Test Engine

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

The engine was allowed to run with neat diesel at a various load for nearly 10 minutes to attain the steady state constant speed conditions. Then the following observations were made.

1       The water flow is started and maintained constant throughout the experiment.

2       The load, speed and temperature indicators were switched on.

3       The engine was started by cranking after ensuring that there is no load.

4       The engine is allowed to run at the rated speed of 1500 rev/min for a period of 10 minutes to reach the steady state.

5       The fuel consumption is measured by a stop watch.

6       Smoke readings were measured using the Smoke meter at the exhaust outlet.

7       The NOx emission was measured using exhaust gas analyzer.

8       The exhaust temperature was measured at the indicated by using a sensor.

9       Then the load is applied by adjusting the knob, which is connected to the eddy current dynamometer.

10  Experiments were conducted using neat diesel – ethanol, diesel, and Isopropyl alcohol the above procedure is adopted.

 Experimental setup

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The figure 1 shows the Specific fuel consumption for different concentration of Isopropyl alcohol.  The specific fuel consumption increases with increase in brake power of the engine.  Among the blends 70D:30 IPA concentration of Isopropyl alcohol shows lower specific fuel consumption than other concentrations.

          

Figure 1.Variation of SFC for Diesel: IPA blends at peak load.

Figure 2 shows the brake thermal efficiency for different ratio of fuel Isopropyl alcohol. The brake thermal efficiency increases with increase in brake power of the engine.  Among the blend ratio 75D: 25 IPA concentration of Isopropyl alcohol shows higher than that of other blend ratio.

Figure 2.Variation of BTE for Diesel: IPA blends at peak load

The presence of oxygen due to the addition of Isopropyl alcohol in the diesel fuel, improve the combustion, especially diffusion combustion and hence increase the brake thermal efficiency.

                         Fig. 3 shows the exhaust smoke (soot) density for the neat diesel fuel and the various percentages of the IPA in its blends with diesel fuel. One can observe that the soot emitted by the 70D:30IPA fuel blends is significantly lower than that for the corresponding neat diesel fuel case, with the reduction being higher the higher the percentage of in the blend. The results reveal that the tendency to generate soot from the fuel-rich regions inside diesel diffusion flame is decreased by Isopropyl alcohol in the blends.

                  

      

Figure 4.Variation of EGT for Diesel: IPA blends at peak load

Figure 4 gives the exhaust gas temperature with different concentration of blend ratio.  The result is shown that exhaust gas increases linear with increase of brake power of the engine.  It can be concluded that all the blend ratio of Isopropyl alcohol lower the exhaust gases than sole fuel.

Figure5.Variation of NOx for Diesel: IPA blends at peak load

Figure 5 shows NOx emission of Isopropyl alcohol concentration.  It can be seen that NOx emission decreases with bled ratio than sole fuel shows max reduction of NOx emissions.  Among the blend ratio 70D:30IPA concentration of Isopropyl alcohol shows lower than that of other blend ratio at peak load. 

 Figure6.Variation of HC for Diesel: IPA blends at peak load

Figure 6 shows that hydrocarbon emission of blend ratio concentration.  It can be seen that hydrocarbon emission increases with all the concentration of blend ratio than sole fuel. 

Finally from this project i suggest 75% diesel and 25% is suitable for low emission as well as high performance.......................... 

               

                          

Arun Kumar: Wind belt My academic mini project

Arun Kumar: Wind belt My academic mini project: Worldwide demand for energy is growing at an alarming rate. “World Energy Technology and Climate Policy Outlook” (WETO) predicts an averag...

Wind belt My academic mini project

 

Worldwide demand for energy is growing at an alarming rate. “World Energy Technology and Climate Policy Outlook” (WETO) predicts an average growth rate of 1.8% per annum for the period 2000-2030 for primary energy worldwide. The increased demand is being met largely by reserves of fossil fuel that emit both greenhouse gasses and other pollutants. Those reserves are diminishing and they will become increasingly expensive. Currently, the level of CO₂ emissions per capita for developing nations is 20% of that for the major industrial nations .

So  alternative, renewable, ways of producing electricity are consequently being researched now more than ever. In considering the present energy problems we decided that we should attempt to find a way to reduce the reliance on fossil fuel, give the communities greater access to cheaper, renewable power.

As a result we design and fabricate wind belt which is renewable, economic and environment friendly.